Methods and analysis
Best-Pixel Composites: Score Functions and Observation Provenance
A best-pixel composite selects observations according to a score such as cloud distance, date proximity or viewing conditions.
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Methods and analysis
Thermal Comparisons for Urban Districts: Sentinel-3 SLSTR
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Methods and analysis
Median Satellite Composites: Robust Summaries with Temporal Costs
A temporal median reduces the influence of some extreme observations, but it is a summary across dates rather than an image of one instant.
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Methods and analysis
Nodata, Zero and Mask Semantics in Raster Analysis
Nodata means that a value is unavailable or invalid under the dataset definition.
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Methods and analysis
Resampling Satellite Rasters: Nearest, Bilinear and Aggregate Choices
Resampling estimates values on a different grid.
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Methods and analysis
Image Co-Registration Before Change Detection
Co-registration aligns observations of the same ground locations.
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Methods and analysis
Cross-Sensor Harmonization: Landsat and Sentinel-2 Without False Precision
Combining Landsat and Sentinel-2 can increase observation opportunities, but their band responses, grids, geometry and processing differ.
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Methods and analysis
BRDF Effects in Satellite Time Series: Viewing Geometry Matters
A surface can reflect different amounts of light toward different viewing directions.
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Methods and analysis
Terrain Illumination Correction in Mountain Remote Sensing
Slopes facing toward or away from the sun receive different illumination.
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Methods and analysis
Cloud Shadows in Optical Imagery: Geometry, Water and Dark Terrain
A cloud shadow reduces surface illumination and can resemble dark water, burned ground or shaded terrain.
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Methods and analysis
Cloud-Edge Buffering: Choosing a Defensible Exclusion Distance
Cloud boundaries can contaminate nearby observations through haze, adjacency and imperfect classification.
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Methods and analysis
Reading Landsat QA Bits for Cloud and Shadow Screening
A QA band encodes multiple conditions in bits rather than a single continuous confidence score.
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Methods and analysis
Landsat Collection 2 Scale and Offset: Preventing Silent Index Errors
Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 surface reflectance commonly uses a multiplicative factor of 0.0000275 and an additive offset of minus 0.2.
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